IJavascript ivaliwe okwangoku kwibrawuza yakho.Xa i-javascript ivaliwe, eminye imisebenzi yale webhusayithi ayiyi kusebenza.
Bhalisa iinkcukacha zakho ezithile kunye neziyobisi ezithile ezinomdla, kwaye siya kuhambelana nolwazi osinika lona kunye namanqaku kwidathabheyisi yethu ebanzi kwaye sikuthumelele ikopi yePDF nge-imeyile ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Zhao Heng, 1, * Zhang Lidan, 2, * Liu Lifang, 1 Li Chunqing, 3 Ingoma Weili, 3 Peng Yongyang, 1 Zhang Yunliang, 1 Li Dan 41 Endocrinology Laboratory, First Baoding Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071000;2 iSebe Lokuqala le-Baoding leNuclear Medicine, iSibhedlele esiPhakathi, eBaoding, eHebei 071000;iSebe eli-3 lezigulana ezingalaliswayo kwiSibhedlele saseBaoding First Central, eBaoding, kwiPhondo laseHebei, 071000;4 ISebe lezamehlo, iSibhedlele esiManyeneyo seYunivesithi yaseHebei, eBaoding, eHebei, 071000 *Aba babhali banikele ngokulinganayo kulo msebenzi.Umbhali ohambelanayo: uLi Dan, iSebe le-Ophthalmology, iSibhedlele seYunivesithi yaseHebei, iBaoding, Hebei, 071000 Tel +86 189 31251885 Ifeksi +86 031 25981539 I-imeyile [i-imeyile ekhuselweyo] Zhang Yunliang Endocrinology Endocrinology First Laboratory0, Bant'ocrinology First Laboratory07 People's Laboratory IRiphabhlikhi yaseTshayina I-Tel +86 151620373737373737375i-imeyile ekhuselweyo ] Injongo: Olu pho nonongo lujolise ekuchazeni amanqanaba e-glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), D-dimer (DD) kunye ne-fibrinogen (FIB) kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-diabetic retinopathy (DR).Indlela: Bangama-61 bebonke abaguli abanesifo seswekile, abafumene unyango kwisebe lethu ukusuka kweyeNkanga ka-2017 ukuya kuMeyi ka-2019, baye bakhethwa.Ngokweziphumo zokufotwa kwe-non-mydriatic fundus kunye ne-fundus angiography, izigulane zahlulwa zaba ngamaqela amathathu, angala iqela le-non-DR (NDR) (n=23), iqela elingaqhawukiyo le-DR (NPDR) (n=17) kunye ne-proliferative. DR ( PDR) iqela (n=21).Ikwabandakanya neqela lolawulo labantu abangama-20 abavavanya ukuba abanayo isifo seswekile.Ukulinganisa kwaye uthelekise amanqanaba e-HbA1c, DD kunye neFIB ngokulandelanayo.Iziphumo: Amaxabiso aphakathi kwe-HbA1c yayiyi-6.8% (5.2%, 7.7%), 7.4% (5.8%, 9.0%) kunye ne-8.5% (6.3%), 9.7%) kumaqela e-NDR, NPDR kunye ne-PDR, ngokulandelanayo. .Ixabiso lokulawula laliyi-4.9% (4.1%, 5.8%).Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu wezibalo phakathi kwamaqela.Kwi-NDR, NPDR, kunye namaqela e-PDR, amaxabiso aphakathi kweDD ayeyi-0.39 ± 0.21 mg / L, 1.06 ± 0.54 mg / L, kunye ne-1.39 ± 0.59 mg / L, ngokulandelanayo.Isiphumo seqela lolawulo sasiyi-0.36 ± 0.17 mg / L.Amaxabiso eqela le-NPDR kunye neqela le-PDR ayephezulu kakhulu kuneqela le-NDR kunye neqela lolawulo, kwaye ixabiso leqela le-PDR laliphezulu kakhulu kunelo qela le-NPDR, ebonisa ukuba umahluko phakathi kwamaqela wawubalulekile. (P <0.001).Amaxabiso aphakathi kweFIB kwi-NDR, NPDR, kunye namaqela e-PDR ayeyi-3.07 ± 0.42 g/L, 4.38 ± 0.54 g/L, kunye ne-4.46 ± 1.09 g/L, ngokulandelanayo.Isiphumo seqela lolawulo sasiyi-2.97 ± 0.67 g / L.Umahluko phakathi kwamaqela wawubaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P <0.05).Isiphelo: Amanqanaba egazi le-HbA1c, i-DD, kunye ne-FIB kwiqela le-PDR laliphezulu kakhulu kuneqela le-NPDR.Amagama angundoqo: i-glycosylated hemoglobin, i-HbA1c, i-D-dimer, i-DD, i-fibrinogen, i-FIB, i-diabetic retinopathy, i-DR, i-microangiopathy
I-Diabetes mellitus (DM) ibe sisifo esininzi kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kwaye iingxaki zayo zingabangela izifo ezininzi zenkqubo, phakathi kwazo i-microangiopathy iyona nto ibangela ukufa kwizigulane zesifo sikashukela.I-1 ye-Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) yeyona nto iphawulayo yolawulo lweswekile yegazi, ebonisa ubukhulu becala iqondo leswekile yegazi kwizigulana kwiinyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu zokuqala, kwaye iye yaba ngumgangatho wegolide owamkelwa kwihlabathi liphela wokuhlola iswekile yegazi ixesha elide. .Kuvavanyo lomsebenzi we-coagulation, i-D-dimer (DD) ingabonakalisa ngokukodwa i-hyperfibrinolysis yesibini kunye ne-hypercoagulability emzimbeni, njengesalathisi esibucayi se-thrombosis.Uxinzelelo lweFibrinogen (FIB) lunokubonisa imeko ye-prethrombotic emzimbeni.Izifundo ezikhoyo zibonise ukuba ukubeka esweni umsebenzi we-coagulation kunye ne-HbA1c yezigulane ezine-DM zidlala indima ekugwebeni ukuqhubela phambili kweengxaki zesifo, i-2,3 ngakumbi i-microangiopathy.I-4 Diabetic retinopathy (DR) yenye yezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo ze-microvascular kunye nonobangela omkhulu wobumfama beswekile.Izinto eziluncedo kwezi ntlobo zintathu zeemviwo kukuba kulula ukuzisebenzisa kwaye zithandwa kakhulu kwiindawo zonyango.Olu phononongo lujonga ixabiso le-HbA1c, i-DD, kunye ne-FIB yezigulana ezinedigri ezahlukeneyo ze-DR, kwaye lizithelekisa neziphumo zezigulane ezingeyiyo i-DR DM kunye nabavavanyi benyama abangayiyo i-DM, ukuze kuphononongwe ukubaluleka kwe-HbA1c, DD. kunye neFIB.Uvavanyo lwe-FIB lusetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni ukwenzeka kunye nophuhliso lwe-DR.
Olu phononongo lukhethe abaguli abanesifo seswekile abangama-61 (amehlo ali-122) abaye banyangwa kwisebe lesibhedlele i-Baoding First Central Hospital ukusuka ngoNovemba 2017 ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi 2019. Iikhrayitheriya zokubandakanywa kwezigulana zezi: Izigulana zesifo seswekile zifunyanwe ngokwe “Izikhokelo zoThintelo kunye noNyango loHlobo. I-2 Diabetes e-China (i-2017) ", kunye nezifundo zokuhlolwa ngokomzimba ezinempilo zesifo sikashukela azibandakanywa.Iikhrayitheriya zokukhutshwa zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: (1) izigulane ezikhulelweyo;(2) izigulane ezine-prediabetes;(3) izigulane ezingaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-14 ubudala;(4) kukho imiphumo ekhethekileyo yeziyobisi, njengokusetyenziswa kwamva nje kweeglucocorticoids.Ngokweziphumo zabo ze-non-mydriatic fundus kunye neziphumo ze-fluorescein fundus angiography, abathathi-nxaxheba bahlulahlulwe bangamaqela amathathu alandelayo: Iqela le-non-DR (NDR) libandakanya izigulane ze-23 (amehlo angama-46), amadoda ayi-11, amabhinqa angama-12, kunye nobudala be-43- Iminyaka engama-76 ubudala.Iminyaka ubudala, i-avareji yobudala 61.78±6.28 iminyaka;Iqela le-DR (NPDR) elingenalo, iimeko ze-17 (amehlo angama-34), amadoda angama-10 kunye nabasetyhini be-7, iminyaka eyi-47-70 ubudala, iminyaka eyi-60.89± 4.27 iminyaka;ukwanda kwe-DR (Kwakukho iimeko ze-21 (amehlo angama-42) kwiqela le-PDR, kubandakanywa amadoda angama-9 kunye nabasetyhini abayi-12, abaneminyaka eyi-51-73 iminyaka, kunye nomyinge weminyaka eyi-62.24 ± 7.91. Abantu abangama-20 (amehlo angama-40) Iqela lokulawula lalingalunganga kwi-diabetes, kubandakanywa amadoda angama-8 kunye nabasetyhini be-12, abaneminyaka eyi-50-75 iminyaka, kunye nomyinge weminyaka eyi-64.54 ± 3.11. Zonke izigulane zazingenazo izifo ezinzima ze-macrovascular ezifana nesifo senhliziyo kunye ne-cerebral infarction, kunye ne-trauma yakutshanje, utyando, usulelo, amathumba abulalayo okanye ezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo eziphilayo azifakwanga.Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba banike imvume ebhaliweyo enolwazi ukuba ibandakanywe kuphononongo.
Izigulana ze-DR zihlangabezana neendlela zokuxilonga ezikhutshwe liCandelo le-Ophthalmology yeCandelo le-Ophthalmology kunye ne-Chinese Medical Association.I-5 Sasebenzisa ikhamera ye-non-mydriatic fundus (Canon CR-2, Tokyo, Japan) ukurekhoda isibonda esingasemva se-fundus yesigulane.Kwaye yathatha ifoto ye-fundus ye-30 ° -45 °.I-ophthalmologist eqeqeshwe kakuhle inike ingxelo ebhaliweyo yokuxilongwa ngokusekelwe kwimifanekiso.Kwimeko ye-DR, sebenzisa i-Heidelberg Retinal Angiography-2 (HRA-2) (iNkampani ye-Heidelberg Engineering, eJamani) kwi-fundus angiography, kwaye isebenzise unyango lwakwangoko unyango lwe-diabetic retinopathy (ETDRS) i-fluorescein angiography (FA) ukuQinisekisa i-NPDR okanye PDR.Ngokumalunga nokuba ngaba abathathi-nxaxheba babonisa i-retinal neovascularization, abathathi-nxaxheba bahlulahlulwe ngamaqela e-NPDR kunye ne-PDR.Izigulane ze-diabetes ezingezizo i-DR zabhalwa njengeqela le-NDR;izigulane eziye zafunyaniswa zingenayo isifo seswekile zithathwa njengeqela lolawulo.
Ekuseni, i-1.8 mL yegazi le-venous yokuzila yaqokelelwa kwaye yafakwa kwi-tube anticoagulation.Emva kweeyure ze-2, i-centrifuge yemizuzu engama-20 ukufumana inqanaba le-HbA1c.
Ngentsasa, i-1.8 mL ye-venous blood fasting yaqokelelwa, ifakwe kwi-tube anticoagulation, kunye ne-centrifuged kwi-10 min.I-supernatant yayisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa iDD kunye neFIB.
Ukufunyaniswa kwe-HbA1c kuqhutywa kusetyenziswa i-Beckman AU5821 yohlalutyo oluzenzekelayo lwe-biochemical kunye ne-reagents ezixhasayo.I-Diabetes cut-off value>6.20%, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo ngu-3.00% ~ 6.20%.
Uvavanyo lwe-DD kunye ne-FIB lwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-STA Compact Max® i-automatic coagulation analyzer (i-Stago, eFransi) kunye nee-reagents zayo ezixhasayo.Amaxabiso ereferensi afanelekileyo nguDD> 0.5 mg/L kunye neFIB> 4 g/L, ngelixa amaxabiso aqhelekileyo angama-DD ≤ 0.5 mg/L kunye neFIB 2-4 g/L.
Iprogram ye-software ye-SPSS Statistics (v.11.5) isetyenziselwa ukucubungula iziphumo;idatha ichazwa njengophambuko oluqhelekileyo (±s).Ngokusekwe kuvavanyo lwesiqhelo, le datha ingentla ihambelana nonikezelo oluqhelekileyo.Uhlalutyo lwendlela enye yolwahlulo lwenziwa kumaqela amane e-HbA1c, DD, kunye neFIB.Ukongeza, amanqanaba abalulekileyo e-DD kunye neFIB athelekiswa ngakumbi;I-P <0.05 ibonisa ukuba umehluko ubalulekile ngokwezibalo.
Ubudala bezifundo kwiqela le-NDR, iqela le-NPDR, iqela le-PDR, kunye neqela lokulawula laliyi-61.78 ± 6.28, 60.89 ± 4.27, 62.24 ± 7.91, kunye ne-64.54 ± 3.11 ubudala, ngokulandelanayo.Ubudala buqhele ukuhanjiswa emva kovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokuhambisa.Uhlalutyo lwendlela enye yolwahlulo lubonise ukuba umahluko awubalulekanga ngokwezibalo (P = 0.157) (Itheyibhile 1).
Itheyibhile 1 Ukuthelekiswa kwesiseko sekliniki kunye neempawu ze-ophthalmological phakathi kweqela lokulawula kunye ne-NDR, i-NPDR kunye namaqela e-PDR
Umyinge we-HbA1c yeqela le-NDR, iqela le-NPDR, iqela le-PDR kunye neqela lokulawula laliyi-6.58± 0.95%, 7.45±1.21%, 8.04±1.81% kunye ne-4.53±0.41%, ngokulandelanayo.I-HbA1cs yala maqela mane aqhele ukusasazwa kwaye avavanywe ngokusasazwa okuqhelekileyo.Ukusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwendlela enye yokwahluka, umehluko wawubaluleke kakhulu (P <0.001) (Itheyibhile 2).Ukuthelekisa okungaphezulu phakathi kwamaqela amane kubonise ukungafani okukhulu phakathi kwamaqela (P <0.05) (Itheyibhile 3).
Amaxabiso aphakathi e-DD kwiqela le-NDR, iqela le-NPDR, iqela le-PDR, kunye neqela lolawulo laliyi-0.39±0.21mg/L, 1.06±0.54mg/L, 1.39±0.59mg/L kunye ne-0.36±0.17mg/L, ngokulandelelana.Zonke ii-DDs ziqhele ukuhanjiswa kwaye zivavanywe ngokusasazwa okuqhelekileyo.Ukusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwendlela enye yokwahluka, umehluko wawubaluleke kakhulu (P <0.001) (Itheyibhile 2).Ngokuthelekisa ngakumbi amaqela amane, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba amaxabiso eqela le-NPDR kunye neqela le-PDR aphezulu kakhulu kuneqela le-NDR kunye neqela lolawulo, kwaye ixabiso leqela le-PDR liphezulu kakhulu kuneqela le-NPDR. , ebonisa ukuba umehluko phakathi kwamaqela ubalulekile (P <0.05).Nangona kunjalo, umahluko phakathi kweqela le-NDR kunye neqela lolawulo lalingabalulekanga ngokwezibalo (P> 0.05) (Itheyibhile 3).
Umyinge we-FIB yeqela le-NDR, iqela le-NPDR, iqela le-PDR kunye neqela lokulawula laliyi-3.07± 0.42 g / L, 4.38±0.54 g / L, 4.46±1.09 g / L kunye ne-2.97±0.67 g / L, ngokulandelanayo.I-FIB yala maqela amane Ibonisa ukusabalalisa okuqhelekileyo kunye novavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokusabalalisa.Ukusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwendlela enye yokwahluka, umehluko wawubaluleke kakhulu (P <0.001) (Itheyibhile 2).Uthelekiso olongezelelweyo phakathi kwamaqela amane lubonise ukuba amaxabiso eqela le-NPDR kunye neqela le-PDR ayephezulu kakhulu kuneqela le-NDR kunye neqela lolawulo, ebonisa ukuba umahluko phakathi kwamaqela wawubalulekile (P <0.05).Nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho mmahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kweqela le-NPDR kunye neqela le-PDR, kunye ne-NDR kunye neqela lokulawula (P> 0.05) (Itheyibhile 3).
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iziganeko zesifo sikashukela ziye zanda unyaka nonyaka, kwaye iziganeko ze-DR ziye zanda.IDR ngoku ngoyena nobangela uxhaphakileyo wobumfama.6 Ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwi-blood glucose (BG) / iswekile kunokubangela imeko ye-hypercoagulable yegazi, ekhokelela kuluhlu lweengxaki ze-vascular.I-7 Ke ngoko, ukubeka iliso kwinqanaba le-BG kunye ne-coagulation status yezigulane ze-diabetes kunye nophuhliso lwe-DR, abaphandi base-China nakwezinye iindawo banomdla kakhulu.
Xa i-hemoglobin ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi idityaniswe neswekile yegazi, i-glycosylated hemoglobin iyaveliswa, edla ngokubonisa ukulawula iswekile yegazi kwisigulane kwiiveki ezi-8-12 zokuqala.Ukuveliswa kwe-HbA1c kucotha, kodwa xa kugqityiwe, akulula ukuphulwa;ngoko ke, ubukho bayo bunceda ukujongwa kweswekile yegazi.8 I-hyperglycemia yexesha elide inokubangela utshintsho olungenakuguqulwa kwi-vascular, kodwa i-HbAlc isengumqondiso ofanelekileyo wamanqanaba eswekile yegazi kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile.Inqanaba le-9 HbAlc alibonisi kuphela umxholo weswekile egazini, kodwa likwanxulumene ngokusondeleyo nenqanaba leswekile yegazi.Inxulumene neengxaki zeswekile ezifana nesifo se-microvascular kunye nesifo se-macrovascular.I-10 kolu cwaningo, i-HbAlc yezigulane ezineentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-DR zafaniswa.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba amaxabiso eqela le-NPDR kunye neqela le-PDR ayephezulu kakhulu kuneqela le-NDR kunye neqela lolawulo, kwaye ixabiso leqela le-PDR laliphezulu kakhulu kunelo qela le-NPDR.Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba xa amanqanaba e-HbA1c eqhubeka nokunyuka, ichaphazela amandla e-hemoglobin ukubopha kunye nokuthwala ioksijini, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-retinal.I-11 Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-HbA1c kuhambelana nomngcipheko okhulayo weengxaki zesifo sikashukela, i-12 kunye nokunciphisa amanqanaba e-HbA1c kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-DR.13 I-et al.14 yafumanisa ukuba inqanaba le-HbA1c lezigulane ze-DR laliphezulu kakhulu kunezigulane ze-NDR.Kwizigulane ze-DR, ngakumbi izigulane ze-PDR, amanqanaba e-BG kunye ne-HbA1c aphezulu kakhulu, kwaye njengoko amanqanaba e-BG kunye ne-HbA1c enyuka, iqondo lokukhubazeka okubonakalayo kwizigulane landa.15 Olu phando lungasentla luyahambelana neziphumo zethu.Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba e-HbA1c achatshazelwa yizinto ezifana ne-anemia, ubude bokuphila kwe-hemoglobin, ubudala, ukukhulelwa, uhlanga, njl., kwaye ayikwazi ukubonisa utshintsho olukhawulezayo kwi-glucose yegazi ngexesha elifutshane, kwaye "isiphumo sokulibaziseka".Ngoko ke, abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba imbekiselo yayo inesikelwe umda.16
Iimpawu ze-pathological ze-DR ziyi-neovascularization ye-retinal kunye nomonakalo we-blood-retinal barrier;nangona kunjalo, indlela yendlela isifo sikashukela ebangela ngayo ukuqala kwe-DR inzima.Ngoku kukholeleka ukuba ukonakala kokusebenza kwezihlunu ezigudileyo kunye neeseli ze-endothelial kunye nomsebenzi ongaqhelekanga we-fibrinolytic we-retinal capillaries zezona zizathu zimbini ze-pathological zezigulane ezine-retinopathy yesifo seswekile.17 Ukutshintsha komsebenzi we-coagulation kunokuba sisalathisi esibalulekileyo sokugweba i-retinopathy.Ukuqhubela phambili kwe-diabetes microangiopathy.Ngelo xesha, i-DD yimveliso ethile yokuthotywa kwe-fibrinolytic enzyme kwi-fibrin edibeneyo, enokuthi ngokukhawuleza, ngokulula, kunye neendleko-ngempumelelo ukumisela ukuxinwa kwe-DD kwi-plasma.Ngokusekwe kwezi kunye nezinye iingenelo, uvavanyo lweDD luyenziwa.Olu pho nonongo lufumene ukuba iqela le-NPDR kunye neqela le-PDR laliphezulu kakhulu kuneqela le-NDR kunye neqela lokulawula ngokuthelekisa ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-DD, kwaye iqela le-PDR laliphezulu kakhulu kuneqela le-NPDR.Olunye uphando lwaseTshayina lubonisa ukuba umsebenzi we-coagulation wezigulane zesifo sikashukela awuyi kutshintsha ekuqaleni;nangona kunjalo, ukuba isigulane sinesifo se-microvascular, umsebenzi we-coagulation uya kutshintsha kakhulu.I-4 Njengoko iqondo lokuthotywa kwe-DR landa, inqanaba le-DD liyenyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye lifikelela kwincopho yezigulane ze-PDR.18 Oku kufunyanisiweyo kuyahambelana neziphumo zophononongo lwangoku.
I-Fibrinogen isalathiso se-hypercoagulable state kunye nokuncipha komsebenzi we-fibrinolytic, kwaye inqanaba layo elonyukayo liya kuchaphazela kakhulu i-coagulation yegazi kunye ne-hemorrheology.Yinto eyandulelayo ye-thrombosis, kwaye i-FIB egazini lezigulane zesifo seswekile isisiseko esibalulekileyo sokwakheka kwe-hypercoagulable state kwi-plasma yesifo seswekile.Ukuthelekiswa kwemilinganiselo ye-FIB ephakathi kolu phononongo lubonisa ukuba amaxabiso e-NPDR kunye namaqela e-PDR aphezulu kakhulu kunamaxabiso e-NDR kunye namaqela olawulo.Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba inqanaba le-FIB lezigulane ze-DR liphezulu kakhulu kunezigulane ze-NDR, ezibonisa ukuba ukunyuka kwezinga le-FIB kunempembelelo ethile kwisehlo kunye nophuhliso lwe-DR kwaye inokukhawuleza inkqubela phambili yayo;nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezithile ezibandakanyekayo kule nkqubo azikagqibi.icacile.19,20
Ezi ziphumo zingasentla ziyahambelana nesi sifundo.Ukongeza, uphononongo olunxulumeneyo lubonise ukuba ubhaqo oludityanisiweyo lwe-DD kunye ne-FIB lunokubeka iliso kwaye lujonge utshintsho kwimo ye-hypercoagulable yomzimba kunye ne-hemorheology, eluncedo ekuxilongeni kwangaphambili, unyango kunye noxilongo lwe-2 yeswekile enesifo seswekile.I-Microangiopathy 21
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho imida emininzi kuphando lwangoku olunokuchaphazela iziphumo.Kuba olu luphononongo lwezifundo ezahlukeneyo, inani lezigulane ezikulungeleyo ukwenza zombini i-ophthalmology kunye novavanyo lwegazi ngexesha lophononongo lilinganiselwe.Ukongeza, ezinye izigulana ezifuna i-fundus fluorescein angiography kufuneka zilawule uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye kufuneka zibe nembali ye-allergies phambi kovavanyo.Ukwala ukujonga ngaphezulu kubangele ilahleko yabathathi-nxaxheba.Ngoko ke, ubukhulu besampulu buncinci.Siza kuqhubeka nokwandisa ubungakanani besampulu yokujonga kwizifundo ezizayo.Ukongeza, iimviwo zamehlo zenziwa kuphela njengamaqela asemgangathweni;akukho luvavanyo olongezelelweyo lobungakanani lwenziwayo, njengemilinganiselo ye-optical coherence tomography yobukhulu be-macular okanye iimvavanyo zokubona.Ekugqibeleni, olu pho nonongo lubonisa ukuqwalaselwa kwamacandelo kwaye alukwazi ukubonisa utshintsho kwinkqubo yesifo;izifundo zexesha elizayo zifuna uqwalaselo oluqhubekayo.
Isishwankathelo, kukho ukungafani okuphawulekayo kwigazi le-HbA1c, i-DD, kunye namanqanaba e-FIB kwizigulane ezinedigri ezahlukeneyo ze-DM.Amanqanaba egazi e-NPDR kunye namaqela e-PDR ayephezulu kakhulu kune-NDR kunye namaqela e-euglycemic.Ke ngoko, kuxilongo kunye nonyango lwezigulana ezinesifo seswekile, ukufunyaniswa okudityanisiweyo kwe-HbA1c, i-DD, kunye ne-FIB kunokunyusa izinga lokufunyanwa komonakalo wokuqala we-microvascular kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile, kuququzelele uvavanyo lomngcipheko weengxaki ze-microvascular, kunye nokunceda ukuxilongwa kwangoko kwesifo seswekile. kunye ne-retinopathy.
Olu pho nonongo luvunyiwe yiKomiti yezokuziphatha yeSibhedlele esiManyeneyo seYunivesithi yaseHebei (inombolo yokuvunywa: 2019063) kwaye yenziwa ngokuhambelana neSibhengezo saseHelsinki.Imvume ebhaliweyo ifunyenwe kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba.
1. I-Aryan Z, i-Ghajar A, i-Faghihi-kashani S, njl njl. Isiseko esiphezulu se-protein ye-C-reactive sinokuqikelela iingxaki ze-macrovascular kunye ne-microvascular yohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile: isifundo esisekelwe kuluntu.Ann Nutr imetadata.2018; 72 (4): 287-295.doi:10.1159/000488537
2. Iimveliso zokuthotywa kweDikshit S. Fibrinogen kunye ne-periodontitis: ukucacisa uxhulumaniso.J Uphando lwezonyango lokuxilonga.2015;9(12): ZCl0-12.
3. I-Matuleviciene-Anangen V, i-Rosengren A, i-Svensson AM, njl. Ukulawulwa kwe-glucose kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu weziganeko ezinkulu ze-coronary kwizigulane ezine-1 yeswekile.intliziyo.2017;103(21):1687-1695.
4. Zhang Jie, Shuxia H. Ixabiso le-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated kunye nokubeka iliso kwi-coagulation ekunqumeni ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sikashukela.J Ningxia Medical University 2016; 38 (11): 1333-1335.
5. IQela le-Ophthalmology yoMbutho wezoNyango waseTshayina.Izikhokelo zeklinikhi zoNyango lwe-Diabetic Retinopathy e-China (2014) [J].Ijenali yaseTshayina yaseYankee.2014;50(11):851-865.
6. Ogurtsova K, Da RFJ, Huang Y, etc. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Uqikelelo lwehlabathi jikelele lokuxhaphaka kwesifo sikashukela kwi-2015 kunye ne-2040. Uphando lwesifo sikashukela kunye nokusebenza kweklinikhi.2017;128:40-50.
7. Liu Min, Ao Li, Hu X, njl. Iimpembelelo zokuguquguquka kweglucose yegazi, inqanaba le-C-peptide kunye nezinto eziqhelekileyo zomngcipheko kwi-carotid artery intima-media thick in Chinese Han type 2 izigulane zeswekile[J].I-Eur J Med Res.2019;24(1):13.
8. Erem C, Hacihasanoglu A, Celik S, njl.Ukukhutshwa kwakhona kunye neeparamitha ze-fibrinolytic kuhlobo lwe-2 yezigulane zesifo sikashukela kunye nangaphandle kweengxaki ze-vascular vascular.Inkosana yobugqirha.2005;14(1):22-30.
9. I-Catalani E, iCervia D. I-Diabetic retinopathy: i-retinal ganglion cell homeostasis.Izixhobo zokuvuselela i-nerve.2020;15(7): 1253–1254.
10. U-Wang SY, u-Andrews CA, u-Herman WH, njl njl. Iziganeko kunye nemingcipheko ye-diabetes retinopathy kwi-adolescents kunye nohlobo lwe-1 okanye uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile e-United States.i-ophthalmology.2017;124(4):424–430.
11. I-Jorgensen CM, i-Hardarson SH, i-Bek T. I-oxygen saturation yemithambo yegazi ye-retinal kwizigulane zesifo sikashukela ixhomekeke kubunzima kunye nohlobo lwe-retinopathy esongela umbono.Iindaba zeOphthalmology.2014;92(1):34-39.
12. Lind M, Pivo dic A, Svensson AM, etc. Inqanaba le-HbA1c njengomngcipheko we-retinopathy kunye ne-nephropathy kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala abanesifo seswekile se-1: isifundo seqela elisekelwe kubemi baseSweden.BMJ.2019;366:l4894.
13. UCalderon GD, uJuarez OH, uHernandez GE, njl. Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye ne-diabetic retinopathy: uphuhliso kunye nonyango.iliso.2017;10(47): 963–967.
14. Jingsi A, Lu L, An G, et al.Izinto ezinobungozi kwi-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kunye nonyawo lwesifo sikashukela.Ijenali yaseTshayina yeGerontology.2019;8(39):3916–3920.
15. Wang Y, Cui Li, Ingoma Y. I-glucose yegazi kunye namanqanaba e-hemoglobin ye-glycosylated kwizigulane ezine-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwazo kunye nezinga lokukhubazeka okubonakalayo.J PLA Med.2019;31(12):73-76.
16. Yazdanpanah S, Rabiee M, Tahriri M, njl. UVavanyo lweGlycated Albumin (GA) kunye ne-GA/HbA1c Ratio ye-Diagnostic Diabetes and Blood Glucose Control: Ukuphononongwa okuBanzi.Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci.2017;54(4):219-232.
17. I-Sorrentino FS, iMatteini S, i-Bonifazzi C, i-Sebastiani A, i-Parmeggiani F. I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kunye ne-endothelin system: i-microangiopathy kunye ne-endothelial dysfunction.Iliso (eLondon).2018; 32 (7): 1157-1163.
18. Yang A, Zheng H, Liu H. Utshintsho kumanqanaba e-plasma ye-PAI-1 kunye ne-D-dimer kwizigulane ezine-diabetes retinopathy kunye nokubaluleka kwazo.Shandong Yi Yao.2011;51(38):89-90.
19. Fu G, Xu B, Hou J, Zhang M. Uhlalutyo lwe-coagulation function kwizigulane ezine-2 yeswekile kunye ne-retinopathy.Iklinikhi yonyango lweLebhu.2015;7: 885-887.
20. I-Tomic M, i-Ljubic S, i-Kastelan S, njl. Ukuvuvukala, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hemostatic kunye nokukhuluphala: kunokunxulumana ne-pathogenesis yohlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela se-diabetic retinopathy.Ukudumba komlamli.2013;2013: 818671.
21. Hua L, Sijiang L, Feng Z, Shuxin Y. Ukusetyenziswa kokufunyanwa okudibeneyo kwe-glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, D-dimer kunye ne-fibrinogen ekuxilongweni kwe-microangiopathy kwizigulane ezine-2 yeswekile.Int J Lab Med.2013;34(11):1382–1383.
Lo msebenzi upapashwe kwaye unikwe ilayisenisi yiDove Medical Press Limited.Imigaqo epheleleyo yale layisensi ifumaneka ku-https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php kwaye ibandakanya ilayisensi ye-Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial (engathunyelwanga, v3.0).Ngokufikelela emsebenzini, uyayamkela imiqathango.Ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi ngeenjongo ezingezizo ezorhwebo kuvunyelwe ngaphandle kwemvume eyongezelelekileyo evela kwiDove Medical Press Limited, ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzi unenkcazelo efanelekileyo.Ukufumana imvume yokusebenzisa lo msebenzi ngeenjongo zorhwebo, nceda ubhekisele kwimihlathi ye-4.2 kunye ne-5 yemiqathango yethu.
Qhagamshelana nathi• Umgaqo-nkqubo wabucala• Imibutho kunye namahlakani• Ubungqina• Imigaqo neMiqathango• Cebisa le sayithi• Phezulu
© Copyright 2021 • Dove Press Ltd • Uphuhliso lweSoftware ye maffey.com • Uyilo lwewebhu lokuncamathela
Iimbono ezivakaliswe kuwo onke amanqaku apapashwe apha zezababhali abathile kwaye azibonisi iimbono zeDove Medical Press Ltd okanye nabaphi na abasebenzi bayo.
I-Dove Medical Press yinxalenye yeQela likaTaylor & Francis, isebe lezemfundo lokupapasha le-Informa PLC.Copyright 2017 Informa PLC.onke Amalungelo Agciniwe.Le webhusayithi iphethwe kwaye iqhutywa yi-Informa PLC (“Informa”), kwaye idilesi yayo ye-ofisi ebhalisiweyo yi-5 Howick Place, eLondon SW1P 1WG.Ibhaliswe eNgilani naseWales.Inombolo 3099067. Iqela leVAT lase-UK: GB 365 4626 36
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-21-2021