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Abasebenzi bezempilo baqhube uvavanyo olukhulu besebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-antigen olukhawulezayo kwisikolo saseFransi.Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: Thomas Samson/AFP/Getty
Njengoko inani lamatyala e-coronavirus e-UK liye landa ekuqaleni kuka-2021, urhulumente wabhengeza utshintsho lomdlalo olunokubakho kumlo ochasene ne-COVID-19: izigidi zovavanyo oluphantsi, olukhawulezayo lwentsholongwane.Nge-10 kaJanuwari, yatsho ukuba iyakukhuthaza olu vavanyo kwilizwe liphela, nakubantu abangenazimpawu.Uvavanyo olufanayo luya kudlala indima ephambili kwisicwangciso sikaMongameli uJoe Biden sokuqulatha ubhubhane ogquba e-United States.
Olu vavanyo lukhawulezayo ludla ngokuxuba impumlo okanye iswabhu yomqala kunye nolwelo kumcu wephepha ukubuyisela iziphumo kwisiqingatha seyure.Ezi mvavanyo zithathwa njengovavanyo olosulelayo, hayi iimvavanyo ezosulelayo.Banokubona kuphela imithwalo ephezulu yentsholongwane, ke baya kuphoswa ngabantu abaninzi abanamanqanaba asezantsi entsholongwane ka-SARS-CoV-2.Kodwa ithemba lelokuba baya kunceda ukuphelisa ubhubhane ngokuchonga ngokukhawuleza abona bantu basulelayo, kungenjalo banokusasaza intsholongwane bengazi.
Noko ke, njengoko urhulumente wayechaza eli cebo, kwabakho ingxabano enomsindo.Ezinye izazinzulu zonwabile ngesicwangciso sovavanyo saseBritane.Abanye bathi olu vavanyo luza kuphoswa lusulelo oluninzi kangangokuba ukuba lusasazeke kwizigidi, umonakalo onokuwenza ukodlula umonakalo.UJon Deeks, ojongene novavanyo kunye novavanyo kwiYunivesithi yaseBirmingham eUnited Kingdom, ukholelwa ukuba abantu abaninzi banokukhululeka kwiziphumo zovavanyo olubi kwaye batshintshe indlela abaziphatha ngayo.Kwaye, wathi, ukuba abantu balawula iimvavanyo ngokwabo, endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwiingcali eziqeqeshiweyo, olu vavanyo luya kuphoswa lusulelo oluninzi.Yena kunye nogxa wakhe waseBirmingham uJac Dinnes (uJac Dinnes) zizazinzulu, kwaye banethemba lokuba bafuna idatha engakumbi kuvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-coronavirus ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.
Kodwa abanye abaphandi bakhawuleza balwa, besithi uvavanyo lunokubangela ukwenzakala alulunganga kwaye “alunaxanduva” (bona go.nature.com/3bcyzfm).Phakathi kwabo nguMichael Mina, ugqirha wezifo zezifo kwiHarvard TH Chan School of Public Health eBoston, Massachusetts, othe le ngxabano ilibazisa isisombululo esifuneka kakhulu kulo bhubhani.Uthe: "Sisatsho ukuba asinayo idatha yaneleyo, kodwa siphakathi kwemfazwe-ngokwenani lamatyala, ngenene asiyi kuba mbi kakhulu kunanini na."
Ekuphela kwento izazinzulu ezivumelana nayo kukuba kufuneka kubekho unxibelelwano olucacileyo malunga nokuba yintoni uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo kunye nokuba zithini iziphumo ezibi.UMina uthe, “Ukuphosa izixhobo ebantwini abangaziyo ukuzisebenzisa kakuhle ngumbono ombi.”
Kunzima ukufumana ulwazi oluthembekileyo kwiimvavanyo ezikhawulezayo, kuba-ubuncinci eYurophu-imveliso inokuthengiswa kuphela ngokusekelwe kwidatha yomenzi ngaphandle kovavanyo oluzimeleyo.Akukho protocol isemgangathweni yokulinganisa ukusebenza, ngoko ke kunzima ukuthelekisa uvavanyo kunye nokunyanzela ilizwe ngalinye ukuba liqhube ukuqinisekiswa kwalo.
“Le yintshona yasendle ekuxilongweni,” utshilo uCatharina Boehme, i-CEO ye-Innovative New Diagnostics Foundation (FIND), umbutho ongenzi nzuzo e-Geneva, eSwitzerland ophinde wavavanya kwaye wathelekisa uninzi lwendlela yohlalutyo lwe-COVID-19.
NgoFebruwari 2020, FIND yaqalisa umsebenzi wamabhongo wokuvavanya amakhulu eentlobo zovavanyo lwe-COVID-19 kulingo oluqhelekileyo.Isiseko sisebenzisana noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) kunye namaziko ophando ehlabathi ukuvavanya amakhulu eesampulu zekoronavirus kwaye athelekise ukusebenza kwazo kunye nezo zifunyenwe kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ebuthathaka kakhulu yepolymerase chain reaction (PCR).Ubuchwephesha bujonga ulandelelwano oluthile lwentsholongwane yemfuza kwiisampulu ezithathwe kwimpumlo okanye umqala womntu (ngamanye amaxesha amathe).Iimvavanyo ezisekelwe kwi-PCR zinokuphinda ziphindaphinde ngakumbi le nto yofuzo ngokusebenzisa imijikelezo emininzi yokukhulisa, ngoko banokufumanisa inani lokuqala le-parvovirus.Kodwa zinokutya ixesha kwaye zifune abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kakuhle kunye nezixhobo zelabhoratri ezibizayo (bona “Indlela oluSebenza ngayo uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19”).
Uvavanyo oluphantsi, olukhawulezayo luhlala lusebenza ngokufumana iiproteni ezithile (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antigens) kumphezulu wamasuntswana e-SARS-CoV-2.Olu “vavanyo lwe-antigen olukhawulezayo” alukhulisi imixholo yesampulu, ngoko ke intsholongwane inokufunyanwa kuphela xa intsholongwane ifikelela kumanqanaba aphezulu emzimbeni womntu-kunokubakho amawaka eekopi zentsholongwane kwimililitha nganye yesampulu.Xa abantu besosulela kakhulu, intsholongwane ihlala ifikelela kula manqanaba ngexesha lokuqala kweempawu (bona “Bamba i-COVID-19″).
UDinnes uthe idatha yomenzi kubuntununtunu bovavanyo ivela ikakhulu kuvavanyo lwaselabhoratri kubantu abaneempawu ezinomthamo wentsholongwane egazini.Kwezo zilingo, iimvavanyo ezininzi ezikhawulezayo zazibonakala zibuthathaka kakhulu.(Zikwachane kakhulu: azinakwenzeka ukuba zinike iziphumo ezingezizo.) Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zovavanyo lwehlabathi lokwenyani zibonisa ukuba abantu abanomthamo wentsholongwane egazini ophantsi babonisa ukusebenza okwahlukileyo kakhulu.
Inqanaba lentsholongwane kwisampulu lidla ngokubalwa ngokubhekisele kwinani lemijikelo yokukhulisa iPCR efunekayo ukuze kufunyanwe intsholongwane.Ngokubanzi, ukuba malunga ne-25 PCR imijikelezo yokukhulisa okanye ngaphantsi iyafuneka (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Ct threshold, okanye i-Ct, elingana okanye ngaphantsi kwe-25), ngoko inqanaba lentsholongwane ephilayo lithathwa ngokuba liphezulu, libonisa ukuba abantu banokusuleleka-nangona kucacile ukuba abantu banalo okanye abanalo inqanaba elibalulekileyo lokosulela.
NgoNovemba wonyaka ophelileyo, urhulumente waseBhritane wakhupha iziphumo zezifundo zokuqala ezenziwa ePorton Down Science Park nakwiYunivesithi yaseOxford.Zonke iziphumo ezingekaphononongwa ngoontanga zipapashwe kwi-intanethi ngoJanuwari 15. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba nangona iimvavanyo ezininzi ze-antigen (okanye "i-lateral flow") "azifikeleli kwinqanaba elifunekayo ekuhanjisweni kwabantu abaninzi," ulingo lwaselabhoratri, iibrendi ezi-4 zinexabiso le-Ct okanye elingaphantsi kwama-25. Uphononongo lwe-FUMANA lwezixhobo ezininzi zovavanyo olukhawulezayo ludla ngokubonisa ukuba ubuntununtunu kula manqanaba entsholongwane ngama-90% okanye ngaphezulu.
Njengoko inqanaba lentsholongwane lehla (oko kukuthi, ixabiso le-Ct liyenyuka), iimvavanyo ezikhawulezayo ziqala ukuphosa usulelo.Izazinzulu zasePorton Down zanikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiimvavanyo ze-Innova Medical ePasadena, eCalifornia;urhulumente wase-Bhritane uchithe ngaphezulu kwe-800 yezigidi zeeponti (i-1.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola) uku-odola olu vavanyo, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yesicwangciso sakhe sokucothisa ukusasazeka kwecoronavirus.Kwinqanaba le-Ct ye-25-28, uvakalelo lovavanyo luncitshiswe ukuya kwi-88%, kwaye kwinqanaba le-Ct le-28-31, uvavanyo luyancipha ukuya kwi-76% (jonga "Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lufumana i-Viral Load").
Ngokwahlukileyo, ngoDisemba, i-Abbott Park, e-Illinois, i-Abbott Laboratories ivavanye uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-BinaxNOW ngeziphumo ezingathandekiyo.Uphononongo luvavanye abantu abangaphezu kwama-3,300 eSan Francisco, eCalifornia, kwaye lwafumana uvakalelo lwe-100% kwiisampulu ezinamanqanaba e-Ct angaphantsi kwama-30 (nokuba umntu osulelekileyo akazange abonakalise zimpawu)2.
Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-PCR ezilinganisiweyo zithetha ukuba amanqanaba e-Ct akanakuthelekiswa lula phakathi kweebhubhoratri, kwaye ayisoloko ibonisa ukuba amanqanaba entsholongwane kwiisampuli ayafana.U-Innova uthe izifundo ze-UK kunye ne-US zisebenzisa iinkqubo ze-PCR ezahlukeneyo, kwaye luthelekiso oluthe ngqo kuphela kwinkqubo efanayo oluya kusebenza.Babhekisela kwingxelo karhulumente waseBrithani ebhalwe ngoososayensi basePorton Down ekupheleni kukaDisemba ukuba bafake uvavanyo lwe-Innova ngokuchasene novavanyo lwe-Abbott Panbio (efana nekhithi ye-BinaxNOW ethengiswa ngu-Abbott e-United States).Ngaphezulu nje kweesampulu ezingama-20 ezinenqanaba le-Ct elingaphantsi kwama-27, zombini iisampulu zibuyisele iziphumo ezincomekayo ezingama-93% (jonga go.nature.com/3at82vm).
Xa kuqwalaselwa uvavanyo lovavanyo lwe-Innova kumawaka abantu baseLiverpool, eNgilani, i-nuances malunga nokulinganisa i-Ct yayibalulekile, echonge kuphela isibini kwisithathu samatyala anamanqanaba e-Ct angaphantsi kwama-25 (jonga i-go.nature.com) /3tajhkw).Oku kucebisa ukuba olu mvavanyo luphose isinye kwisithathu seziganeko ezinokuthi zosuleleke.Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kukholelwa ukuba kwibhubhoratri eqhuba iisampuli, ixabiso le-Ct le-25 lilingana nenqanaba lentsholongwane elisezantsi kakhulu kwezinye iilebhu (mhlawumbi ilingana ne-Ct ye-30 okanye ngaphezulu), utshilo u-Iain Buchan, umphandi wezeMpilo. kunye ne-Informatics kwiYunivesithi yaseMelika.ILiverpool, yongamele ityala.
Nangona kunjalo, iinkcukacha azaziwa kakuhle.UDix uthe ulingo olwenziwa yiDyunivesithi yaseBirmingham ngoDisemba yayingumzekelo wendlela uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo luluphose ngayo usulelo.Abafundi abangaphezu kwe-7,000 abangabonakaliyo apho bathathe uvavanyo lwe-Innova;ba-2 kuphela abavavanyiweyo.Nangona kunjalo, xa abaphandi baseyunivesithi basebenzisa i-PCR ukujonga kwakhona i-10% yeesampulu ezingalunganga, bafumana abanye abafundi abathandathu abosulelekileyo.Ngokusekwe kumlinganiselo wazo zonke iisampulu, uvavanyo lunokuba luphose abafundi abangama-60 abosulelekileyo3.
UMina uthe aba bafundi banamazinga aphantsi entsholongwane, ngoko abosuleli nangayiphi na indlela.UDix ukholelwa ukuba nangona abantu abanamanqanaba asezantsi entsholongwane basenokuba kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokuhla kosulelo, basenokuba bosulela ngakumbi.Enye into kukuba abanye abafundi abenzi kakuhle ekuqokeleleni iisampulu zeswab, ke ngoko akukho masuntswana entsholongwane amaninzi anokuluphumelela uvavanyo.Unexhala lokuba abantu baya kukholelwa ngempazamo ukuba ukuphumelela uvavanyo olubi kunokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo-enyanisweni, uvavanyo olukhawulezayo sisnapshot esinokuthi singosuleli ngelo xesha.UDeeks uthe ibango lokuba uvavanyo lunokwenza indawo yokusebenza ikhuseleke ngokupheleleyo ayiyondlela ilungileyo yokwazisa uluntu malunga nokusebenza kwayo.Uthe: "Ukuba abantu banokuqonda okungalunganga ngokhuseleko, banokusasaza le ntsholongwane."
Kodwa uMina nabanye bathi abaqhubi beenqwelo moya baseLiverpool bacebise abantu ukuba bangayenzi loo nto kwaye baxelelwa ukuba basenokuyisasaza intsholongwane kwixesha elizayo.UMina ugxininise ukuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kovavanyo (okunje kabini ngeveki) sisitshixo sokwenza uvavanyo lusebenze ukuqulatha ubhubhane.
Ukutolikwa kweziphumo zovavanyo akuxhomekeke kuphela ekuchanekeni kovavanyo, kodwa nakwithuba lokuba umntu sele ene-COVID-19.Kuxhomekeke kwiqondo losulelo kwindawo yabo nokuba babonisa iimpawu.Ukuba umntu osuka kwindawo enenqanaba eliphezulu le-COVID-19 uneempawu eziqhelekileyo zesi sifo kwaye ufumana iziphumo ezibi, isenokuba yi-negative yobuxoki kwaye kufuneka ijongwe ngononophelo kusetyenziswa i-PCR.
Abaphandi bakwaxoxa ngokuba ngaba abantu kufuneka bazivavanye (ekhaya, esikolweni okanye emsebenzini).Ukusebenza kovavanyo kunokwahluka, kuxhomekeke kwindlela umhloli aqokelela ngayo i-swab kwaye aqhube isampuli.Umzekelo, kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-Innova, izazinzulu zaselabhoratri zifikelele kubuntununtunu malunga nama-79% kuzo zonke iisampulu (kubandakanywa iisampuli ezinomthamo wentsholongwane egazini osezantsi kakhulu), kodwa uluntu oluzifundiseyo lufumana kuphela ubuntununtunu be-58% (bona “Uvavanyo oluKhawuleza: Ngaba ifanelekile ekhaya?") -Deeks ukholelwa ukuba le yi-drop1 enexhala.
Nangona kunjalo, ngoDisemba, iarhente yolawulo lwamachiza yaseBritane yagunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yovavanyo lwe-Innova ekhaya ukufumanisa usulelo kubantu abangenazimpawu.Isithethi se-DHSC siqinisekisile ukuba iimpawu zolu vavanyo zivela kwiNkonzo yeSizwe yezeMpilo yelizwe, eyilwe nguMphathiswa wezeMpilo kunye noNonophelo lweNtlalo (DHSC), kodwa yathengwa kwi-Innova yaveliswa yi-Xiamen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. uvavanyo olusetyenziswa ngurhulumente wase-Bhritane luye lwavavanywa ngokungqongqo ngoosonzululwazi abaphambili baseBritane.Oku kuthetha ukuba zichanekile, zithembekile, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuchonga ngempumelelo izigulana ezine-COVID-19. ”Isithethi satsho kwingxelo.
Uphononongo lwaseJamani4 lwabonisa ukuba iimvavanyo zokuzilawula zinokusebenza njengozo zenziwa ziingcali.Olu phononongo alukhange luphononongwe ngoontanga.Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba xa abantu besosula iimpumlo zabo kwaye bagqibezela uvavanyo olukhawulezayo olungachazwanga igama labo oluvunywe yi-WHO, nokuba abantu bahlala betenxa kwimiyalelo yokusetyenziswa, uvakalelo lusafana kakhulu nolo luphunyezwe ziingcali.
E-United States, uLawulo lokuTya kunye neDrugs (i-FDA) luvume iimvume zosetyenziso olungxamisekileyo kwiimvavanyo ezili-13 ze-antigen, kodwa lunye kuphela uvavanyo lwasekhaya lwe-Ellume COVID-19-enokusetyenziselwa abantu abangenazimpawu.Ngokuka-Ellume, inkampani eseBrisbane, eOstreliya, uvavanyo lufumanise i-coronavirus kubantu abali-11 abane-asymptomatic, kwaye abali-10 kwaba bantu baye bavavanywa ukuba banayo yi-PCR.NgoFebruwari, urhulumente wase-US ubhengeze ukuba uza kuthenga iimvavanyo ezizizigidi ezisi-8.5.
Amanye amazwe / iingingqi ezingenazo izixhobo ezaneleyo zovavanyo lwe-PCR, njengeIndiya, sele zisebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-antigen kangangeenyanga ezininzi, ukongeza nje amandla abo ovavanyo.Ngenxa yenkxalabo yokuchaneka, ezinye iinkampani ezenza uvavanyo lwe-PCR sele ziqalisile ukwazisa ezinye iindlela ezikhawulezayo ukuya kumda olinganiselweyo.Kodwa urhulumente ophumeze uvavanyo olukhulu olukhawulezileyo walubiza ngokuba yimpumelelo.Ekubeni inabemi abazizigidi ezisisi-5,5, iSlovakia yaba lilizwe lokuqala ukuzama ukuvavanya bonke abemi balo abakhulileyo.Uvavanyo olubanzi lwehlise izinga losulelo phantse ngama-60%5.Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwenziwa ngokubambisana nezithintelo ezingqongqo ezingaphunyezwanga kwamanye amazwe kunye nenkxaso yemali karhulumente kubantu abavavanya ukuba banayo ukubanceda bahlale ekhaya.Ke ngoko, iingcali zithi nangona indibaniselwano yovavanyo kunye nothintelo ibonakala inciphisa amazinga osulelo ngokukhawuleza kunothintelo lodwa, akucaci ukuba indlela inokusebenza kwenye indawo.Kwamanye amazwe, abantu abaninzi basenokungafuni ukwenza uvavanyo olukhawulezayo, kwaye abo bavavanywe ukuba banayo banokungabi namdla wokuzahlula.Nangona kunjalo, kuba iimvavanyo ezikhawulezayo zorhwebo zixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu-kuphela i-5 yeedola-Mina ithi izixeko kunye namazwe anokuthenga izigidi ngeqhekeza lelahleko karhulumente ebangelwe ngubhubhani.
Umsebenzi wezempilo wakhawuleza wavavanya umkhweli nge-swab yeempumlo kwisikhululo sikaloliwe eMumbai, eIndiya.Umfanekiso wekhredithi: Punit Parajpe / AFP / Getty
Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lunokufaneleka ngakumbi kwiimeko zovavanyo lwe-asymptomatic kubandakanya iintolongo, iindawo zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya, izikolo kunye neeyunivesithi, apho abantu banokuhlanganisana khona, ngoko naluphi na uvavanyo olunokuthi lubambe iimeko ezongezelelweyo zosulelo luluncedo.Kodwa uDeeks ulumkisa ngokuchasene nokusebenzisa uvavanyo ngendlela enokutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu okanye ibakhuthaze ukuba baphumle amanyathelo okhuseleko.Ngokomzekelo, abantu basenokuzichaza iziphumo ezibi njengokukhuthaza ukutyelela izalamane kumakhaya abantu abalupheleyo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, e-United States, iinkqubo zovavanyo olukhulu olukhawulezileyo ziye zaqaliswa ezikolweni, ezintolongweni, kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya nakwiiyunivesithi.Ngokomzekelo, ukususela ngoMeyi, iYunivesithi yaseArizona eTucson isebenzisa uvavanyo lweSofia oluphuhliswe nguQuidel eSan Diego, eCalifornia ukuvavanya abadlali bayo imihla ngemihla.Ukusukela ngo-Agasti, iye yavavanya abafundi kanye ngenyanga (abanye abafundi, ngakumbi abo bakwizindlu zokulala ezinoqhambuko, bavavanywa rhoqo, kanye ngeveki).Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iyunivesithi yenze phantse iimvavanyo ezili-150,000 kwaye ayikhange ixele utyando lwe-COVID-19 kwezi nyanga zimbini zidlulileyo.
UDavid Harris, umphandi we-stem cell ophethe inkqubo yovavanyo olukhulu lwase-Arizona, wathi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo zisebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo: iimvavanyo ezikhawulezayo ze-antigen akufanele zisetyenziswe ukuvavanya ukuxhaphaka kwentsholongwane kubemi.Uthe: "Ukuba uyisebenzisa njengePCR, uya kuba novelwano olubi."Kodwa into esizama ukuyenza-ukuthintela ukusasazeka kovavanyo lwe-antigen, ngakumbi xa isetyenziswa amatyeli amaninzi, ibonakala isebenza kakuhle.”
Umfundi ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford e-UK uthathe uvavanyo lwe-antigen olukhawulezayo olubonelelwe yiyunivesithi emva koko wabhabha waya e-United States ngoDisemba ka-2020.
Amaqela amaninzi ophando kwihlabathi jikelele ayila iindlela zovavanyo ezikhawulezayo nezifikelelekayo.Abanye bahlengahlengisa iimvavanyo ze-PCR ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokukhulisa, kodwa uninzi lwezi mvavanyo zisafuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.Ezinye iindlela zixhomekeke kubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi-loop-mediated isothermal amplification okanye i-LAMP, ekhawulezayo kune-PCR kwaye ifuna izixhobo ezincinci.Kodwa olu mvavanyo alunabuntununtunu njengovavanyo olusekwe kwi-PCR.Kunyaka ophelileyo, abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yase-Illinois e-Urbana-Champaign baphuhlise uvavanyo lwabo olukhawulezayo lokuxilonga: uvavanyo olusekelwe kwi-PCR olusebenzisa amathe endaweni ye-swab yeempumlo, ukutsiba amanyathelo abizayo kwaye acothayo.Iindleko zolu vavanyo yi-$ 10-14, kwaye iziphumo zinganikwa ngaphantsi kweeyure ze-24.Nangona iyunivesithi ixhomekeke kwiilabhoratri ezikwisiza ukwenza iPCR, iyunivesithi inokuhlola wonke umntu kabini ngeveki.Ngo-Agasti wonyaka ophelileyo, le nkqubo yokuvavanya rhoqo ivumele iyunivesiti ukuba ibone ukosuleleka kwikhampasi kwaye ilulawule kakhulu.Kwisithuba seveki, inani lamatyala amatsha lehle ngama-65%, kwaye ukusukela ngoko, iyunivesiti ayikaboni incopho efanayo.
U-Boehme uthe akukho ndlela inye yovavanyo enokwanelisa zonke iimfuno, kodwa indlela yovavanyo enokuchonga abantu abosulelayo ibalulekile ekugcineni uqoqosho lwehlabathi luvulekile.Uthe: “Uvavanyo kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya, kwimida, kwiindawo zokusebenza, ezikolweni, kwiindawo zeklinikhi-kuzo zonke ezi meko, iimvavanyo ezikhawulezayo zinamandla kuba kulula ukuzisebenzisa, zinexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye ziyakhawuleza.”Nangona kunjalo, wongeze ukuba uthe, iinkqubo ezinkulu zovavanyo kufuneka zithembele kolona vavanyo lubalaseleyo lukhoyo.
Inkqubo yangoku ye-EU yokuvunywa kovavanyo lokuxilonga i-COVID-19 iyafana nezinye iintlobo zeenkqubo zokuxilonga, kodwa iinkxalabo malunga nokusebenza kweendlela ezithile zovavanyo zibangele ukwaziswa kwezikhokelo ezitsha ngo-Epreli ophelileyo.Oku kufuna ukuba abavelisi bavelise izixhobo zovavanyo ezinokwenza uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19 kubume bobugcisa bamva nje.Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni isiphumo sovavanyo olwenziwa kuvavanyo lomenzi sinokwahluka kwihlabathi lokwenyani, izikhokelo zicebisa ukuba amazwe angamalungu aqinisekise ngaphambi kokuba aqalise uvavanyo.
U-Boehme uthe, ngokufanelekileyo, amazwe akusayi kufuneka aqinisekise zonke iindlela zokulinganisa.IiLebhu kunye nabavelisi kwihlabathi liphela baya kusebenzisa iiprothokholi eziqhelekileyo (ezifana nezo zaphuhliswa yi-FIND).Uthe: "Into esiyifunayo luvavanyo olusemgangathweni kunye nendlela yovavanyo.""Ayizukwahluka ekuvavanyeni unyango kunye nogonyo."
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-09-2021