Iingcali zenzululwazi zihlala zicebisa ngokuchasene nokuvavanywa kwezilwa-buhlungu emva kokugonywa.Kodwa kwabanye abantu, oku kunengqiqo.
Ngoku ekubeni amashumi ezigidi zabantu baseMelika begonyelwe i-coronavirus, abantu abaninzi bafuna ukwazi: Ngaba ndine-antibodies eyaneleyo yokundigcina ndikhuselekile?
Kubantu abaninzi, impendulo nguewe.Oku akunqandanga ukungena kwamaxwebhu ebhokisi asekhaya ovavanyo lwe-antibody.Kodwa ukuze ufumane impendulo ethembekileyo kuvavanyo, umntu ogonyiweyo kufuneka enze uhlobo oluthile lovavanyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Vavanya kwangethuba, okanye uthembele kuvavanyo olujonga i-antibody engalunganga-elula kakhulu xa ucinga ngothotho lweemvavanyo ezidizzy ezikhoyo namhlanje-ungacinga ukuba usesichengeni xa ungenayo.
Ngapha koko, izazinzulu zikhetha ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo abagonyiweyo abayi kuvavanywa kwaphela, kuba oku akuyomfuneko.Kulingo lwezonyango, isitofu sokugonya esinelayisensi yase-US sibangele impendulo eyomeleleyo ye-antibody phantse kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba.
“Uninzi lwabantu akufuneki luzikhathaze ngale nto,” utshilo uAkiko Iwasaki, ugqirha wamajoni omzimba kwiYunivesithi yaseYale.
Kodwa uvavanyo lwe-antibody lubalulekile kubantu abane-immune system ebuthathaka okanye abo bathatha amayeza athile- olu luhlu lubanzi lubandakanya izigidi ezifumana iminikelo yamalungu, abaphethwe ngumhlaza wegazi elithile, okanye ukuthatha ii-steroids okanye ezinye izistim zokhuselo lomzimba.Abantu abaneziyobisi.Kukho ubungqina obandayo bokuba inxalenye enkulu yaba bantu abayi kuphuhlisa impendulo eyaneleyo ye-antibody emva kogonyo.
Ukuba kufuneka uvavanywe, okanye ufuna nje ukuvavanywa, ngoko ke kufuneka uvavanyo olufanelekileyo, uGqr. , abantu Inokuthi ngempazamo ikholelwe ukuba akukho zilwa-buhlungu ziye zaveliswa.”
Kwiintsuku zokuqala zobhubhane, iimvavanyo ezininzi zorhwebo zazijolise ekufumaneni amajoni omzimba achasene neprotein ye-coronavirus ebizwa ngokuba yi-nucleocapsid okanye i-N, kuba ezi zithinteli zixhaphakile egazini emva kosulelo.
Kodwa ezi zithinteli-zifo azinamandla kangako njengezo zifunekayo ukuze kuthintelwe usulelo lwentsholongwane, kwaye ubude bazo abukho kude kangako.Okubaluleke ngakumbi, izilwa-buhlungu ezichasene neprotheyini ye-N aziveliswa zizitofu ezigunyaziswe yi-United States;endaweni yoko, ezi zitofu zokugonya zixhokonxa amajoni omzimba ngokuchasene nenye iprotein (ebizwa ngokuba yi-spikes) ekumphezulu wentsholongwane.
Ukuba ngaba abantu abangazange bosulelwe sisitofu sokugonya bayagonywa kwaye emva koko bavavanyelwe izilwa-buhlungu ezichasene neprotheyini ye-N endaweni yezilwa-buhlungu ezichasene nezikhonkwane, zinokuba rhabaxa.
UDavid Lat, umbhali wezomthetho oneminyaka engama-46 ubudala eManhattan owalaliswa esibhedlele ngenxa ye-Covid-19 iiveki ezintathu ngoMatshi ka-2020, wabhala uninzi lokugula kunye nokuchacha kwakhe kwi-Twitter.
Ngomnyaka olandelayo, uMnu. Rattle wavavanywa kwi-antibodies kaninzi-ngokomzekelo, xa waya kubona i-pulmonologist okanye i-cardiologist ukwenzela ukulandelela, okanye i-plasma enikezelweyo.Inqanaba lakhe le-antibody laliphezulu ngoJuni ka-2020, kodwa liye lehla kancinci kwiinyanga ezilandelayo.
URattle kutshanje ukhumbule ukuba oku kuncipha “akundikhathazi.”Ndiye ndaxelelwa ukuba ziya kutshabalala ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa ndiyavuya kuba ndisenesimo sengqondo esihle.”
Ukususela ngo-Matshi 22 kulo nyaka, uMnu. Lat ugonywe ngokupheleleyo.Kodwa uvavanyo lwe-antibody olwenziwe ngugqirha wakhe wentliziyo ngo-Epreli 21 lwalungenalo ithemba.UMnu. Rattle wothuka: “Ndandicinga ukuba emva kwenyanga ndigonyiwe, amajoni am aza kudubula.”
UMnu Rattle waphendukela kwi-Twitter ngengcaciso.UFlorian Krammer, i-immunologist kwi-Icahn School of Medicine eNtabeni yeSinayi eNew York, waphendula ngokubuza ukuba luhlobo luni lovavanyo olusetyenziswe nguMnu Rattle.“Kulapho ndabona khona iinkcukacha zovavanyo,” utshilo uMnu. Rattle.Waqonda ukuba olu yayiluvavanyo lwe-N protein antibodies, hayi izilwa-buhlungu ezichasene nezipikhi.
"Kubonakala ngathi ngokungagqibekanga, bakunika i-nucleocapsid kuphela," utshilo uMnu Rattle.Andizange ndicinge ngokucela enye eyahlukileyo.
NgoMeyi walo nyaka, i-US Food and Drug Administration yacebisa ngokuchasene nokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-antibody ukuvavanya ukungakhuseleki-isigqibo esatsalela ukugxekwa kwezinye izazinzulu-kwaye sinika ulwazi olusisiseko kuphela malunga novavanyo kubaboneleli bezempilo.Oogqirha abaninzi abakawazi umahluko phakathi kovavanyo lwe-antibody, okanye into yokuba olu vavanyo lulinganisa uhlobo olunye lokugonywa yintsholongwane.
Iimvavanyo ezikhawulezayo eziqhele ukufumaneka ziyakubonelela ngeziphumo zika-ewe-hayi kwaye zinokuphosa amanqanaba asezantsi ezilwa-buhlungu.Uhlobo oluthile lovavanyo lwaselabhoratri, olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo luka-Elisa, lunokwenza uqikelelo lobungakanani be-anti-spike protein.
Kukwabalulekile ukulinda ubuncinci iiveki ezimbini kuvavanyo emva kokutofa kwesibini kwePfizer-BioNTech okanye isitofu sokugonya seModerna, xa amanqanaba e-antibody aya kunyuka aye kwinqanaba elaneleyo ukuba abhaqwe.Kwabanye abantu abafumana isitofu sokugonya sikaJohnson & Johnson, eli xesha linokuba lide kangangeeveki ezine.
"Eli lixesha, i-antigen kunye novakalelo lovavanyo-ezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu," watsho uDkt Iwasaki.
NgoNovemba, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi umisele imigangatho yovavanyo lwe-antibody ukuvumela uthelekiso lweemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo."Zininzi iimvavanyo ezilungileyo ngoku," utshilo uGqr Kramer."Kancinci, bonke aba bavelisi, zonke ezi ndawo zibaqhubayo ziqhelana neeyunithi zamazwe ngamazwe."
UGqr. Dorry Segev, ugqirha wotyando kunye nomphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins, wabonisa ukuba amajoni omzimba yinkalo enye kuphela yokugonywa komzimba: “Izinto ezininzi zenzeka phantsi komhlaba ezingenakulinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo novavanyo lwamajoni omzimba.”Umzimba usagcina into ebizwa ngokuba yi-immunity yeselula, eyinethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yabakhuseli nayo iya kuphendula kubangeneleli.
Uthe, nangona kunjalo, kubantu abaye bagonywa kodwa babuthathaka amajoni omzimba, kunokuba luncedo ukwazi ukuba ukhuseleko kwintsholongwane ayisiyiyo le nto kufuneka ibe yiyo.Umzekelo, isigulana sofakelo-mzimba esinamanqanaba asezantsi e-antibody singakwazi ukusebenzisa iziphumo zovavanyo ukukholisa umqeshi ukuba kufuneka aqhubeke nokusebenza ekude.
UMnu. Rattle akazange afune olunye uvavanyo.Ngaphandle kweziphumo zovavanyo, ukwazi nje ukuba isitofu sokugonya sinokuphinda songeze izilwa-buhlungu zakhe kwakhona kwanele ukumqinisekisa: “Ndikholelwa ukuba isitofu sokugonya siyasebenza.”
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-23-2021